Harbour Reference Guide - API

cbCode ={|x| MyFunc( x )}
DO( cbCode, 1 )
cFunction := "MyFunc"
xRetVal := DO( cFunction, 2 )
// Old style (slower):
DO &cFunction WITH 3

See Test

function Test( nValue, cString )
if PCount() == 2
? hb_PValue( 1 ), nValue
? hb_PValue( 2 ), cString
endif
return nil

See Test

function Test( xExp )
if PCount() == 0
? "This function needs a parameter"
else
? xExp
endif
return nil

? ProcFile()

function Test()
? ProcFile()
? ProcFile( NIL )
? ProcFile( 2 )
return nil

See Test

function Test()
? ProcLine( 0 )
? ProcName( 2 )
return nil

See Test

This test will show the functions and procedures in stack.
before executing it.
function Test()
LOCAL n := 1
while !Empty( ProcName( n ) )
? ProcName( n++ )
end do
return nil

LOCAL aArray:={}
LOCAL x
AADD(aArray,10)
FOR x:=1 to 10
AADD(aArray,x)
NEXT
// Result is: { 10, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 }

LOCAL aOne, aTwo
aOne := {"Harbour"," is ","POWER"}
aTwo := ACLONE(aOne)       // Result: aTwo is {"Harbour"," is ","POWER"}
aOne[1] := "The Harbour Compiler"
// Result:
// aOne is {"The Harbour Compiler"," is ","POWER"}
// aTwo is {"Harbour"," is ","POWER"}

LOCAL nCount := 2, nStart := 1, aOne, aTwo
aOne := {"HARBOUR"," is ","POWER"}
aTwo := {"CLIPPER"," was ","POWER"}
ACOPY(aOne, aTwo, nStart, nCount)

LOCAL aArray
aArray := {"Harbour", "is", "Power"}
ADEL(aArray, 2) // Result: aArray is {"Harbour", "Power"}

LOCAL aTest:={Nil,0,1,2}
Afill(aTest,5)

LOCAL aArray:={"Harbour","is","Power!","!!!"}
AINS(aArray,4)

PROCEDURE Main()
LOCAL aArray:=Array(10)
LOCAL x
FOR x:=1 to LEN(aArray)
aArray[x]:=Array(x)
NEXT
// Result is: { { NIL }, { NIL, NIL }, ... }
RETURN

aDir:=Directory("*.prg")
AScan(aDir,,,{|x,y| x[1]="Test.prg"})

aArray := { 1 }          // Result: aArray is { 1 }
ASIZE(aArray, 3)         // Result: aArray is { 1, NIL, NIL }
ASIZE(aArray, 1)         // Result: aArray is { 1 }

// sort numeric values in ascending order
ASORT( { 3, 1, 4, 42, 5, 9 } )     // result: { 1, 3, 4, 5, 9, 42 }
// sort character strings in descending lexical order
aKeys := { "Ctrl", "Alt", "Delete" }
bSort := {| x, y | UPPER( x ) > UPPER( y ) }
ASORT( aKeys,,, bSort )      // result: { "Delete", "Ctrl", "Alt" }
// sort two-dimensional array according to 2nd element of each pair
aPair :=   { {"Sun",8}, {"Mon",1}, {"Tue",57}, {"Wed",-6} }
ASORT( aPair,,, {| x, y | x[2] < y[2] } )
// result: { {"Wed",-6}, {"Mon",1}, {"Sun",8}, {"Tue",57} }

LOCAL array:= {"Harbour", "is", "Supreme", "Power"}
? ATAIL(aArray) // Result is "Power"

FUNCTION TestObject()
local oObject
oObject := HBClass():New("TMyClass")
oObject:End()
RETURN Nil

// Show DBF last update date
FUNCTION main()
LOCAL nHandle, cYear, cMonth, cDay
nHandle := fopen( "test.dbf" )
IF nHandle > 0
fseek( nHandle, 1 )
cYear := cMonth := cDay := " "
fread( nHandle, @cYear , 1 )
fread( nHandle, @cMonth, 1 )
fread( nHandle, @cDay  , 1 )
? "Last update:", BIN2I( cYear ), BIN2I( cMonth ), BIN2I( cDay )
fclose( nHandle )
ELSE
? "Can not open file"
ENDIF
RETURN NIL

// Show number of records in DBF
FUNCTION main()
LOCAL nHandle, cBuffer := space( 4 )
nHandle := fopen( "test.dbf" )
IF nHandle > 0
fseek( nHandle, 4 )
fread( nHandle, @cBuffer, 4 )
? "Number of records in file:", BIN2L( cBuffer )
fclose( nHandle )
ELSE
? "Can not open file"
ENDIF
RETURN NIL

// Show number of records in DBF
FUNCTION main()
LOCAL nHandle, cBuffer := space( 4 )
nHandle := fopen( "test.dbf" )
IF nHandle > 0
fseek( nHandle, 4 )
fread( nHandle, @cBuffer, 4 )
? "Number of records in file:", BIN2U( cBuffer )
fclose( nHandle )
ELSE
? "Can not open file"
ENDIF
RETURN NIL

// Show header length of a DBF
FUNCTION main()
LOCAL nHandle, cBuffer := space( 2 )
nHandle := fopen( "test.dbf" )
IF nHandle > 0
fseek( nHandle, 8 )
fread( nHandle, @cBuffer, 2 )
? "Length of DBF header in bytes:", BIN2W( cBuffer )
fclose( nHandle )
ELSE
? "Can not open file"
ENDIF
RETURN NIL

// Seek for Smith in a descending index
SEEK DESCEND( "SMITH" )

DATA->( DBSEEK( DESCEND( "SMITH" ) ) )
will seek "SMITH" into a descending index.

// Update DBF "last update" date
#include "fileio.ch"
FUNCTION main()
LOCAL nHandle, cYear, cMonth, cDay
use test
? "Original update date is:", lupdate()
close
nHandle := fopen( "test.dbf", FO_READWRITE )
IF nHandle > 0
fseek( nHandle, 1, )
cYear  := I2BIN( 68 )
cMonth := I2BIN(  8 )
cDay   := I2BIN(  1 )
fwrite( nHandle, cYear , 1 )   // write only the first byte
fwrite( nHandle, cMonth, 1 )
fwrite( nHandle, cDay  , 1 )
fclose( nHandle )
use test
? "New update date is:", lupdate()
close
ELSE
? "Can not open file"
ENDIF
RETURN NIL

FUNCTION Main()
LOCAL aNames, aTypes, aLens, aDecs, nCount, nFields, i
USE Test
nCount := FCount()
? "Number of fields:", nCount
PrintFields( nCount )   // Information for all fields
PrintFields( 4      )   // Information for first 4 fields
RETURN NIL
FUNCTION PrintFields( nCount )
LOCAL aNames, aTypes, aLens, aDecs, nFields, i
aNames  := Array( nCount )
aTypes  := Array( nCount )
aLens   := Array( nCount )
aDecs   := Array( nCount )
nFields := aFields( aNames, aTypes, aLens, aDecs )
? "Number of items :", nFields
FOR i := 1 TO nFields
?  i, PadR( aNames[ i ], 12 ), aTypes[ i ]
?? aLens[ i ], aDecs[ i ]
NEXT
?
RETURN NIL

FUNCTION Main()
USE Test
select 0
qOut( IF(Alias()=="","No Name",Alias()))
Test->(qOut(Alias())
qOut(Alias(1))
RETURN NIL

FUNCTION Main()
USE Tests NEW
DBGOTOP()
? "Is Eof()",EOF()
DBGOBOTTOM()
? "Is Eof()",EOF()
USE
RETURN NIL

FUNCTION Main()
USE Test
local cName="HARBOUR",nId=10
Test->(DbAppend())
Replace Test->Name wit cName,Id with nId
Use
RETURN NIL

Function Main()
Use Test
Set Filter to Left(Test->Name,2) == "An"
Dbedit()
Test->(DbClearFilter())
USE
Return Nil

Function Main()
Use Test New
DbEdit()
Use Test1 New
DbEdit()
DbCloseAll()
USE
Return Nil

Function Main()
Use Test
Dbedit()
Test->(DbCloseArea())
USE
Return Nil

FUNCTION Main()
LOCAL cName:=SPACE(40)
LOCAL nId:=0
USE Test EXCLUSIVE NEW
//
@ 10, 10 GET cName
@ 11, 10 GET nId
READ
//
IF UPDATED()
APPEND BLANK
REPLACE Tests->Name WITH cName
REPLACE Tests->Id WITH nId
Tests->( DBCOMMIT() )
ENDIF
RETURN NIL

FUNCTION Main()
LOCAL cName:=SPACE(40)
LOCAL nId:=0
USE Test EXCLUSIVE NEW
USE TestId New INDEX Testid
//
@ 10, 10 GET cName
@ 11, 10 GET nId
READ
//
IF UPDATED()
APPEND BLANK
REPLACE Tests->Name WITH cName
REPLACE Tests->Id WITH nId
IF !TestId->(DBSEEK(nId))
APPEND BLANK
REPLACE Tests->Id WITH nId
ENDIF
ENDIF
DBCOMMITALL()
RETURN NIL

function main()
local nI, aStruct := { { "CHARACTER", "C", 25, 0 }, ;
{ "NUMERIC",   "N",  8, 0 }, ;
{ "DOUBLE",    "N",  8, 2 }, ;
{ "DATE",      "D",  8, 0 }, ;
{ "LOGICAL",   "L",  1, 0 }, ;
{ "MEMO1",     "M", 10, 0 }, ;
{ "MEMO2",     "M", 10, 0 } }
REQUEST DBFCDX
dbCreate( "testdbf", aStruct, "DBFCDX", .t., "MYALIAS" )
RETURN NIL

nId:=10
USE TestId INDEX TestId NEW
IF TestId->(DBSEEK(nId))
IF TestId->(RLOCK())
DBDELETE()
ENDIF
ENDIF
USE

FUNCTION Main()
USE Test
select 0
qOut( IF(DBF()=="","No Name",DBF()))
Test->(qOut(DBF())
qOut(Alias(1))
RETURN NIL

USE Test INDEX Test NEW
SET FILTER TO Name= "Harbour"
USE TestId INDEX TestId NEW
SET FILTER TO Id = 1
SELECT Test
//
? DBFILTER()
? TestId->(DBFILTER())

USE Tests
DBGOTOP()
? RECNO()
DBGOBOTTOM()
? RECNO()
USE

The following example uses DBGOTO() to iteratively process
every fourth record:
DBUSEAREA( .T., "DBFNTX", "Sales", "Sales", .T. )
//
// toggle every fourth record
DO WHILE !EOF()
DBGOTO( RECNO() + 4 )
Sales->Group := "Bear"
ENDDO

USE Tests
DBGOTOP()
? RECNO()
DBGOBOTTOM()
? RECNO()
USE

USE Test NEW
DBGOTO(10)
DBDELETE()
? DELETED()
DBRECALL()
? DELETED()
USE

FUNCTION Main()
LOCAL x:=0
USE Tests New
FOR x:=1 to reccount()
IF !DBRLOCK()
DBUNLOCK()
ENDIF
NEXT
USE

FUNCTION Main()
LOCAL aList:={}
LOCAL x:=0
USE Tests NEW
DBGOTO(10)
RLOCK()
DBGOTO(100)
RLOCK()
aList:=DBRLOCKLIST()
FOR x:=1 TO LEN(aList)
? aList[x]
NEXT
USE
RETURN NIL

FUNCTION Main()
USE Tests New
DBGOTO(10)
IF RLOCK()
? Tests->ID
DBRUNLOCK()
ENDIF
USE
RETURN NIL

FUNCTION Main()
USE Tests New INDEX Tests
DBGOTO(10)
nId:=Tests->nId
IF Tests->(DBSEEK(nId))
IF RLOCK()
? Tests->Name
DBRUNLOCK()
ENDIF
ENDIF
USE
RETURN NIL
ACCEPT "Employee name: " TO cName
IF ( Employee->(DBSEEK(cName)) )
Employee->(ViewRecord())
ELSE
? "Not found"
END

FUNCTION Main()
LOCAL nId
USE Tests NEW INDEX Tests
USE Tests1 NEW INDEX Tests1
DBSELECTAREA(1)
nId:=Tests->Id
DBSELECTAREA(2)
IF DBSEEK(nId)
? Tests1->cName
ENDIF
DBCLOSEALL()
RETURN NIL

DBSETDRIVER("ADS")

FUNCTION Main()
USE Tests NEW
DBSETFILTER( {|| Tests->Id <100 }, "Tests->Id <100" )
DBGOTOP()

FUNCTION Main()
USE Tests NEW
DBGOTOP()
WHILE !EOF()
? Tests->Id, Tests->Name
DBSKIP()
ENDDO
USE
RETURN NIL

FUNCTION Main()
LOCAL aStru,x
USE Tests NEW
aStru:=DBSTRUCT()
FOR x:=1 TO LEN(aStru)
? aStru[x,1]
NEXT
USE
RETURN NIL

nId := 10
USE TestId INDEX TestId NEW
IF TestId->(DBSEEK(nId))
IF TestId->(RLOCK())
DBDELETE()
ELSE
DBUNLOCK()
ENDIF
ENDIF
USE

nId:=10
USE Tests INDEX TestId NEW
USE Tests1 INDEX Tests NEW
IF TestId->(DBSEEK(nId))
IF TestId->(RLOCK())
DBDELETE()
ELSE
DBUNLOCK()
ENDIF
ELSE
DBUNLOCKALL()
ENDIF
USE

DBUSEAREA(.T.,,"Tests")

FUNCTION Main()
USE Test New
DBGOTO()
DBDELETE()
? "Is Record Deleted",Test->(DELETED())
DBRECALL()
USE
RETURN NIL

FUNCTION Main()
USE Tests NEW
DBGOTOP()
? "Is Eof()",EOF()
DBGOBOTTOM()
? "Is Eof()",EOF()
USE
RETURN NIL

FUNCTION Main()
USE Tests NEW
? "This database have ",Tests->(FCOUNT()),"Fields"
USE
RETURN Nil

FUNCTION Main()
USE Test NEW
? Test->(FieldGet(1))
USE
RETURN NIL

FUNCTION Main()
LOCAL x
USE Tests NEW
FOR x := 1 to Tests->(FCOUNT())
? "Field Name",FieldName(x)
NEXT
USE
RETURN Nil

FUNCTION Main()
USE Test NEW
? Test->(FIELDPOS("ID"))
USE
RETURN NIL

USE Tests New
FIELDPUT(1,"Mr. Jones")
USE

USE Tests New
IF FLOCK()
SUM Tests->Ammount
ENDIF
USE

nId:=100
USE Tests NEW INDEX Tests
SEEK nId
IF FOUND()
? Tests->Name
ENDIF
USE

USE Tests New
? Header()

IF INDEXEXT()==".ntx"
? "Current driver being used is DBFNTX"
Endif

USE TESTS NEW INDEX TEST1
? INDEXKEY(1)

USE TESTS NEW INDEX TEST1
IF INDEXORD()>0
? "Current order is ",INDEXORD()
Endif

USE Tests NEW
? LASTREC(), RECCOUNT()

Function Main
Use Tests New
? Lupdate() // 04/25/2000
Use
Return Nil

USE TEST NEW Index Test
If !NetErr()
Seek Test->Name="HARBOUR"
If Found()
? Test->Name
Endif
Endif
USE

USE Tests NEW VIA "DBFNTX"
? ORDBAGEXT()      //  Returns .ntx
DBCLOSEAREA()
USE Tests NEW VIA "DBFCDX"
? ORDBAGEXT()      //  Returns .cdx
DBCLOSEAREA()

USE Tests VIA "DBFCDX" NEW
Set index to TESTs
ORDBAGNAME( "TeName" )        // Returns: Customer
ORDBAGNAME( "TeLast" )        // Returns: Customer
ORDBAGNAME( "teZip" )         // Returns: Customer
Set Order to Tag TeName
? OrderBagName() //Return Custumer

See Examples

USE TESTS VIA "DBFNDX" NEW
ORDCREATE( "FNAME",, "Tests->fName" )
USE TEsts VIA "DBFCDX" NEW
ORDCREATE( , "lName", "tests->lName" )

See examples

USE Tests VIA "DBFCDX" NEW
ORDdestroy( "lName", "tests" )

See examples

USE Tests NEW via _DBFCDX
INDEX ON  Tests->Id ;
TO  TESTS          ;
FOR Tests->Id > 100
ORDFOR( "Tests" )      // Returns: Tests->Id > 100

See examples

USE Tests NEW via _DBFCDX
INDEX ON  Tests->fName ;
TO  Tests           ;
FOR Tests->fName > "CK"
Index on Tests->Id to TestId
ORDKEY( "Tests" )      // Returns: Tests->fName
Set order to 2
ORDKEY()               // Returns: Tests->Id

Use Test NEW
USE Harbour NEW
? Reccount()
? Test->(RECCOUNT())
CLOSE ALL

USE Tests NEW
DBGOTOP()
RECNO()            // Returns 1
DBGOTO(50)
RECNO()            // Returns 50

USE Tests NEW
DBGOTOP()
RECSIZE()            // Returns 1
DBGOTO(50)
RECSIZE()

nId:=10
USE TestId INDEX TestId NEW
IF TestId->(DBSEEK(nId))
IF TestId->(RLOCK())
DBDELETE()
ENDIF
ENDIF
USE

USE TESTS NEW
USE NAMES NEW
cOldArea:=SELECT("NAMES")
select TEST
LIST
SELECT cOldArea

Use TESTS NEW
USE Names New
? USED()    // .T.
? TESTS->(USED()) //.T.
CLOSE
? USED()  // .F.
Select TESTS
? USED() //.T.

LOCAL aStruct, aList, aRet
aStruct := { { "CODE",  "N",  4, 0 }, ;
{ "NAME",  "C", 10, 0 }, ;
{ "PHONE", "C", 13, 0 }, ;
{ "IQ",    "N",  3, 0 } }
aList := { "IQ", "NAME" }
aRet := __FLEDIT( aStruct, aList )
// { { "IQ", "N", 3, 0 }, { "NAME", "C", 10, 0 } }
aRet := __FLEDIT( aStruct, {} )
? aRet == aStruct // .T.
aList := { "iq", "NOTEXIST" }
aRet := __FLEDIT( aStruct, aList )
// { { "IQ", "N", 3, 0 } }
aList := { "NOTEXIST" }
aRet := __FLEDIT( aStruct, aList )   // {}
// Create a new file that contain part of the original structure
LOCAL aStruct, aList, aRet
USE TEST
aStruct := DBSTRUCT()
aList := { "NAME" }
DBCREATE( "onlyname.dbf", __FLEDIT( aStruct, aList ) )

// Create a new file that contain the same structure
USE TEST
__dbCopyStruct( "mycopy.dbf" )
// Create a new file that contain part of the original structure
LOCAL aList
USE TEST
aList := { "NAME" }
__dbCopyStruct( "onlyname.dbf", aList )

// Open a database, then copy its structure to a new file,
// Open the new file and list all its records
USE Test
__dbCopyXStruct( "TestStru" )
USE TestStru
LIST

// CREATE a new structure extended file, append some records and
// then CREATE FROM this file a new database file
__dbCreate( "template" )
DBAPPEND()
FIELD->FIELD_NAME := "CHANNEL"
FIELD->FIELD_TYPE := "N"
FIELD->FIELD_LEN  := 2
FIELD->FIELD_DEC  := 0
DBAPPEND()
FIELD->FIELD_NAME := "PROGRAM"
FIELD->FIELD_TYPE := "C"
FIELD->FIELD_LEN  := 20
FIELD->FIELD_DEC  := 0
DBAPPEND()
FIELD->FIELD_NAME := "REVIEW"
FIELD->FIELD_TYPE := "C"      // this field is 1000 char long
FIELD->FIELD_LEN  := 232      // 1000 % 256 = 232
FIELD->FIELD_DEC  := 3        // 1000 / 256 = 3
DBCLOSEAREA()
__dbCreate( "TV_Guide", "template" )

// Copy delinquent accounts into a delimited text file.
USE ACCOUNTS NEW
COPY TO overdue DELIMITED FOR !EMPTY( accounts->duedate ) ;
.AND. DATE() - accounts->duedate > 30
// Import new customer records.
USE CUSTOMER NEW
APPEND FROM customer DELIMITED

// Copy delinquent accounts into an SDF text file.
USE ACCOUNTS NEW
COPY TO overdue SDF FOR !EMPTY( accounts->duedate ) ;
.AND. DATE() - accounts->duedate > 30
// Import new customer records.
USE CUSTOMER NEW
APPEND FROM customer SDF

LOCAL aStruct, aList, aRet
aStruct := { { "CODE",  "N",  4, 0 }, ;
{ "NAME",  "C", 10, 0 }, ;
{ "PHONE", "C", 13, 0 }, ;
{ "IQ",    "N",  3, 0 } }
aList := { "IQ", "NAME" }
aRet := __dbStructFilter( aStruct, aList )
// { { "IQ", "N", 3, 0 }, { "NAME", "C", 10, 0 } }
aRet := __dbStructFilter( aStruct, {} )
? aRet == aStruct // .T.
aList := { "iq", "NOTEXIST" }
aRet := __dbStructFilter( aStruct, aList )
// { { "IQ", "N", 3, 0 } }
aList := { "NOTEXIST" }
aRet := __dbStructFilter( aStruct, aList )   // {}
// Create a new file that contain part of the original structure
LOCAL aStruct, aList, aRet
USE TEST
aStruct := DBSTRUCT()
aList := { "NAME" }
DBCREATE( "onlyname.dbf", __dbStructFilter( aStruct, aList ) )

? CDOW(DATE())
if CDOW(DATE()+10) =="SUNDAY"
? "This is a sunny day."
Endif

? CMONTH(DATE())
if CMONTH(DATE()+10) =="March"
? "Have you done your system BACKUP?"
Endif

? CTOD('12/21/00')

? Date()

? "Today is ",Day(date())," of ",cMonth(date())," of ",Year(date())

? Day(DATE())
? Day(DATE()+6325)

? DAYS(2434234)
? "Has been passed ",DAYS(63251),' since midnight'

? DOW(DATE())
? DOW(DATE()-6584)

? DTOC(Date())

? DTOS(Date())

Static cStartTime
Init Proc Startup
cStartTime:=Time()
Exit Proc StartExit
? "You used this program by",ELAPTIME(cStartTime,Time())

? Month(DATE())

? Seconds()

? Secs(Time())
? Secs(time()-10)

? Time()

? Year(date())
? year(CTOD("01/25/3251"))

? QOUT(GETE('PATH'))
? QOUT(GETE('CONFIG'))
? QOUT(GETE('HARBOURCMD', '-n -l -es2'))

? QOUT(GETENV('PATH'))
? QOUT(GETENV('CONFIG'))
? QOUT(GETENV('HARBOURCMD', '-n -l -es2'))

? QOUT(HB_GETENV('PATH'))
? QOUT(HB_GETENV('CONFIG'))
? QOUT(HB_GETENV('HARBOURCMD', '-n -l -es2'))

? OS()

Run "edit " + cMyTextFile      // Runs an external editor
Run "command"                  // Gives a DOS shell (DOS only)

// The first example change to a 12 lines of display mode:
IF SETMODE( 12, 40)
? "Hey man are you blind ?"
ELSE
? "Mom bring me my glasses!"
ENDIF
// Next example change to a 50 lines mode:
IF SETMODE( 50, 80)
? "This wonderful mode was successfully set"
ELSE
? "Wait. this monitor are not made in rubber !"
ENDIF

// Sets typeahead to 12
SetTypeahead( 12 )

If lOk   // Good Sound
TONE(  500, 1 )
TONE( 4000, 1 )
TONE( 2500, 1 )
Else     // Bad Sound
TONE(  300, 1 )
TONE(  499, 5 )
TONE(  700, 5 )
EndIf

TONE( 800, 1 )                         // same as ? CHR(7)
TONE( 32000, 200 )                     // any dogs around yet?
TONE( 130.80, 1 )                      // musical note - C
TONE( 400, 0 )                         // short beep
TONE( 700 )                            // short beep
TONE( 10, 18.2 )                       // 1 second delay
TONE( -1 )                             // 1/18.2 second delay
TONE( )                                // 1/18.2 second delay

? QOUT(VERSION())
"Harbour Terminal: Standard stream console"

__Run( "edit " + cMyTextFile )    // Runs an external editor
__Run( "command" )                // Gives a DOS shell (DOS only)

// Get the newline character(s) for the current OS.
// Get the newline character(s) for the current OS.
STATIC s_cNewLine
...
s_cNewLine := hb_eol()
...
OutStd( "Hello World!" + s_cNewLine )

? ValType( hb_eol() ) == "C"
? Len( hb_eol() ) == 1

Break( NIL )

local aKeys := HB_SetKeySave( NIL )  // removes all current set=keys
... // some other processing
HB_SetKeySave( aKeys )

None definable

// within ReadModal()
if HB_SetKeyCheck( K_ALT_X, GetActive() )
... // some other processing
endif
// within TBrowse handler
case HB_SetKeyCheck( nInkey, oTBrowse )
return
case nInKey == K_ESC
... // some other processing

None definable

local bOldF10, bOldF10Cond
bOldF10 := HB_SetKeyGet( K_F10, @bOldF10Cond )
... // some other processing
SetKey( K_F10, bOldF10, bOldF10Cond )

See test code above

local bOldF10 := setKey( K_F10, {|| Yahoo() } )
... // some other processing
SetKey( K_F10, bOldF10 )
... // some other processing
bBlock := SetKey( K_SPACE )
if bBlock != NIL ...
// make F10 exit current get, but only if in a get - ignores other
// wait-states such as menus, achoices, etc...
SetKey( K_F10, {|| GetActive():State := GE_WRITE },;
{|| GetActive() != NIL } )

None definable

See Test

function EndApp( lYesNo )
if lYesNo
__Quit()
endif
return nil

// Set F1 with a string
CLS
__SetFunction( 1, "I Am Lazy" + CHR( 13 ) )
cTest := SPACE( 20 )
@ 10, 0 SAY "type something or F1 for lazy mode " GET cTest
READ
? cTest

// Wait for a key stroke
__Wait( "Press a key to continue" )

do while cKey != "Q"
cKey := __Wait( "Press 'Q' to continue" )
end do

FUNCTION Main()
LOCAL nCount
USE Test
dbGoto( 4 )
? RecNo()
COUNT TO nCount
? RecNo(), nCount
COUNT TO nCount NEXT 10
? RecNo(), nCount
RETURN NIL

FUNC MAIN
LOCAL    sbBlock   := {|| NIL }
?  Eval( 1 )
?  Eval( @sbBlock )
? Eval( {|p1| p1 },"A","B")
? Eval( {|p1,p2| p1+p2 },"A","B")
? Eval( {|p1,p2,p3| p1 },"A","B")
Return Nil

See examples

LOCAL aName, aSize, aDate, aTime, aAttr, nLen, i
nLen := ADIR( "*.jpg" )     // Number of JPG files in this directory
IF nLen > 0
aName := Array( nLen )   // make room to store the information
aSize := Array( nLen )
aDate := Array( nLen )
aTime := Array( nLen )
aAttr := Array( nLen )
ADIR( "*.prg", aName, aSize, aDate, aTime, aAttr )
FOR i = 1 TO nLen
? aName[i], aSize[i], aDate[i], aTime[i], aAttr[i]
NEXT
ELSE
? "This directory is clean from smut"
ENDIF

? Curdir()

if DIRCHANGE( "\temp" ) == 0
? "Change to diretory was successfull"
endif

See examples

cDir:= ".\backup"
if DIRREMOVE( cDir ) == 0
? "Remove of directory", cDir, "was successfull"
endif

See examples

? "You can use : " +Str( DiskSpace() ) + " bytes "
Note: See tests\tstdspac.prg for another example

nHandle:=FOPEN('x.txt')
? FSEEK(nHandle, 0, 2)
FCLOSE(nHandle)

IF (nh:=FCREATE("test.txt") <0
? "Cannot create file"
ENDIF

IF FERASE("test.txt")==0
? "File successfully erased"
ELSE
? "File can not be deleted"
ENDIF

#include "fileio.ch"
//
nHandle := FCREATE( "temp.txt", FC_NORMAL )
IF FERROR() != 0
? "Cannot create file, DOS error ", FERROR()
ENDIF

? file('C:\harbour\doc\compiler.txt")
? file('C:/harbour/doc/subcodes.txt")

IF (nH:=FOPEN('x.txt',66) < 0
? 'File can't be opened'
ENDIF

cBuffer:=SPACE(500)
IF (nH:=FOPEN('x.txt'))>0
FREAD(nH,@cBuffer,500)
? cbuffer
ENDIF
FCLOSE(nH)

IF ( nH := FOPEN("x.txt") ) > 0
cStr := Freadstr(nH,100)
? cStr
ENDIF
FCLOSE(nH)

nResult := FRENAME( "x.txt", "x1.txt" )
IF nResult < 0
? "File could not be renamed."
ENDIF

// here is a function that read one text line from an open file
// nH = file handle obtained from FOPEN()
// cB = a string buffer passed-by-reference to hold the result
// nMaxLine = maximum number of bytes to read
FUNCTION FREADln( nH, cB, nMaxLine )
LOCAL cLine, nSavePos, nEol, nNumRead
cLine := space( nMaxLine )
cB := ''
nSavePos := FSEEK( nH, 0, FS_RELATIVE )
nNumRead := FREAD( nH, @cLine, nMaxLine )
IF ( nEol := AT( hb_eol(), substr( cLine, 1, nNumRead ) ) ) == 0
cB := cLine
ELSE
cB := SUBSTR( cLine, 1, nEol - 1 )
FSEEK( nH, nSavePos + nEol + 1, FS_SET )
ENDIF
RETURN nNumRead != 0

nHandle := FCREATE( "x.txt" )
FOR X := 1 TO 10
FWRITE( nHandle, STR( x ) )
NEXT
FCLOSE( nHandle )

? "You can use : " + Str( HB_DiskSpace() ) + " bytes " +;
"Out of a total of " + Str( HB_DiskSpace( "C:", HB_FS_TOTAL ) )
Note: See tests\tstdspac.prg for another example

nH := FOPEN( "file.txt" )
? FREADSTR( nH, 80 )
IF HB_FEOF( nH )
? "End-of-file reached."
ELSE
? FREADSTR( nH, 80 )
ENDIF

IF ISDISK( "A" )
? "Drive is ready "
Endif

See Examples

cDir := "temp"
If MAKEDIR( cDir ) == 0
? "Directory ", cDir, " successfully created
Endif

See examples

__Dir()      // information for all DBF files in current directory
__Dir( "*.dbf" )         // list all DBF file in current directory
// list all PRG files in Harbour Run-Time library
// for DOS compatible operating systems
__Dir( "C:\harbour\source\rtl\*.prg" )
// list all files in the public section on a Unix like machine
__Dir( "/pub" )

See src/vm/arrays.c

See src/vm/arrays.c

LOCAL hsTable, lFlag
hsTable := HB_HASH( "one", 1, "two", 2 )
// turn 'auto add' on for a new hash table, storing ol flag
lFlag := HB_HAUTOADD( hsTable, .T. )

LOCAL hsTable, lFlag
hsTable := HB_HASH( "one", 1, "two", 2 )
// turn 'binary' on for a new hash table, storing ol flag
lFlag := HB_HBINARY( hsTable, .T. )

LOCAL hsTable, lFlag
hsTable := HB_HASH( "one", 1, "two", 2 )
// turn 'case match' on for a new hash table, storing ol flag
lFlag := HB_HCASEMATCH( hsTable, .T. )

LOCAL hsTable
// turn 'auto add' on for a new hash table
hsTable := HB_HSETAUTOADD( HB_HASH( "one", 1, "two", 2 ), .T. )

LOCAL hsTable
// turn 'binary' on for a new hash table
hsTable := HB_HSETBINARY( HB_HASH( "one", 1, "two", 2 ), .T. )

LOCAL hsTable
// turn 'case match' on for a new hash table
hsTable := HB_HSETCASEMATCH( HB_HASH( "one", 1, "two", 2 ), .T. )

nTask := HB_IDLEADD( {|| SayTime() } )

nTask := HB_IDLEADD( {|| SayTime() } )
INKEY(10)
bAction := HB_IDLEDEL( nTask )

nTask1 := HB_IDLEADD( {|| SayTime() } )
nTask2 := HB_IDLEADD( {|| SaveScreen() } )
DO WHILE( !bFinished )
bFinished := DOSomethingVeryImportant()
HB_IdleState()
ENDDO
cbAction := HB_IDLEDEL( nTask1 )
HB_IDLEDEL( nTask2 )